The landscape of the Byway centers on the Connecticut River and includes the neighboring farmlands, floodplains, step-like terraces, and the slopes of the bordering uplands. The Connecticut River is New England's longest river and largest watershed. It spans four states (New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut). The river originates in New Hampshire at the Canadian border and travels 410 miles, eventually making its way to the Atlantic Ocean at the Long Island Sound. Its fertile alluvial soils provide prime agricultural land the river's length, particularly in Massachusetts, where it was described as the "Bread Basket of New England." The history, heritage, and culture of farming in the Connecticut River Valley is a prominent theme of the Connecticut River Scenic Byway that continues to play an important role in the current economy and provides visitors with the opportunity to experience and enjoy the bounties. Agricultural operations remain prominent within the byway corridor and very much a part of the local economy. Today, the Connecticut River Scenic Farm Byway is representative of a national movement where food is locally grown, and family farms prevail. Visitors to the area can visit farm stands along the way and enjoy the seasonal harvest.
The Byway landscape of widely spaced farms and farmhouses fronting the roads and small village centers with single-family houses clustered near stores and churches is characteristic of New England. The structures most commonly found in the Connecticut River Valley date from the end of the 18th Century to the present. In addition to agriculture, mill villages were established in the Connecticut River Valley by the late 17th Century. The landscape and village character still reflects this industrial history.
The river and surrounding landscape provide many recreational opportunities. The communities along the Byway are rich in cultural resources that provide visitors with a view into the past as well as the arts and culture of today. There are several educational institutions along the route that further enhance the offerings, resources, and experiences for travelers to the area.